Remote vs In-Person Tribunal

Which format is best for your hearing?

Can my tribunal hearing be held remotely?

Yes. Since the pandemic, tribunal hearings can be held remotely via video (typically Zoom or Microsoft Teams), in person, or as a hybrid. The tribunal will usually ask your preference and confirm the format before the hearing. You have the right to request a particular format, but the tribunal makes the final decision based on practicality.

What are the advantages of a remote hearing?

Remote hearings save travel time and cost, reduce stress for anxious claimants, allow you to be in a comfortable environment, and can be easier if you are caring for dependents. Witnesses can join from home. For some claimants, the less formal setting of a home office is less intimidating than a tribunal room.

What are the disadvantages of remote hearings?

You may feel less present and observed by the tribunal, technical issues (internet failure, camera glitches) can disrupt the hearing, body language and credibility signals are harder to judge over video, and cross-examination can feel less natural. In-person hearings allow the tribunal to assess you more fully.

Is in-person better for my chances of winning?

There is no definitive evidence that in-person hearings improve success rates overall. What matters is the quality of your evidence, not the format. Some cases benefit from in-person presence (testimony-heavy cases where credibility matters), while others are better suited to remote (document-heavy cases). Ask your adviser or solicitor which format suits your case best.

Can I request a specific hearing format?

Yes. You can ask for remote, in-person, or hybrid. However, the tribunal may decline your request if it is impractical or delays the hearing. For example, if you are unwell and cannot attend in person but can appear remotely, the tribunal will likely agree. If you want in-person but the tribunal deems remote more efficient, you may not get your preference.

What technical setup do I need for a remote hearing?

A reliable internet connection, a device with a camera and microphone (laptop, tablet, or phone), a quiet room where you will not be interrupted, and good lighting so the tribunal can see you. Test your setup beforehand. Have a backup plan (e.g., mobile phone hotspot) in case your internet fails.

Can I have a companion or advisor in the hearing?

Yes, but the format affects how they attend. In remote hearings, they can join from the same room with you (though they should not appear on screen unless they are a witness). In in-person hearings, they attend with you. Ask the tribunal in advance about companion arrangements, especially if your companion needs to be a formal representative.

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Employment Rights Act 1996

GOV.UK Employment Tribunals