Employment Tribunal Timeline: 7 Stages From Dismissal to Judgment

Every stage, every deadline, and exactly what to do at each step. Typical total timeline: 12–18 months.

Dismissed / Claim Arises

The 3-month-less-one-day clock starts from the date of dismissal.

Contact ACAS (Early Conciliation)

You must contact ACAS before filing your ET1 claim. This is a mandatory step.

ACAS Conciliation Window

During early conciliation, both you and the employer have the opportunity to settle via ACAS.

You submit your claim form to the Employment Tribunal via MyHMCTS. This is the formal start of your tribunal case.

Case Management & Disclosure

After your ET1 is accepted, the employer files their ET3 response, and the tribunal sets a timetable.

The full hearing before the tribunal. This is when evidence is tested, and the judge makes their decision on liability.

The judge delivers judgment on liability and, if you win, determines compensation and remedy options.

How long does the entire process take?

From dismissal to judgment typically takes 12–18 months, sometimes longer. Early conciliation adds 4–8 weeks to the start (but pauses the clock). Case management and disclosure can take 3–12 months. The hearing itself may not happen until 15+ months after filing the ET1.

Can I settle at any stage?

Yes. You can settle at any point — during early conciliation (COT3), after the ET3 is filed, during disclosure, before the hearing, or even during the hearing itself. Any settlement must be in writing. You are under no obligation to accept an offer.

What if I miss a deadline (CMO deadline, filing deadline)?

If you miss the 3-month limitation deadline to contact ACAS, your claim is time-barred (with rare exceptions). If you miss a Case Management Order deadline set by the tribunal, the judge can strike out your claim or impose costs. Extensions must be requested promptly in writing with good reason.

Do I need a lawyer for the tribunal hearing?

No, you can represent yourself (litigant in person). Many claimants do. The judge will make allowances for self-represented parties. However, complex cases, large compensation claims, or discrimination cases often benefit from legal representation or a McKenzie Friend.

What is the difference between the ET1 and witness statements?

The ET1 is your claim form filed at the start — it outlines your claims and basic facts. Witness statements (filed months later, during case management) are detailed, signed statements of evidence that will be tested at hearing. Your witness statement is your evidence in chief.

What if the employer does not comply with disclosure or the Case Management Order?

Write to both the employer and the tribunal in writing. Request that the tribunal issue an unless order (a final warning to comply or face sanctions). The tribunal can strike out the employer's defence or impose costs for non-compliance.

Employment Tribunal Timeline: 7 Stages From Dismissal to Judgment

The 7 stages of an employment tribunal claim

Each stage has key deadlines, required actions, and decisions you must make. Scroll through to understand where you are.

How to prepare during stages 3–5

The months between filing your ET1 and the hearing are critical. Use the time wisely.

Organise your disclosure documents

Create a clear, chronological file of all documents relevant to your claim. Index them. When disclosure happens, you will know exactly what you have.

Draft a detailed witness statement

Write your evidence in narrative form. Include dates, names, quotes. Be honest — exaggeration will be caught and will damage your credibility.

Calculate your losses

Work out lost earnings month by month, pension loss, and job search costs. Provide receipts. A schedule of loss significantly strengthens your claim.

Frequently asked questions

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Employment Rights Act 1996

GOV.UK Employment Tribunals