Particulars of Claim: unpaid invoice

Particulars of claim are the written statement that defines the claim for the court and the defendant. CPR 16.4 sets out what they must contain: a concise statement of the facts relied on, the legal basis for the claim, and the remedy sought. They sit alongside the N1 claim form (or its MCOL equivalent) and are the substantive document on which the case turns.

Particulars of Claim: unpaid invoice

What particulars of claim do

For an unpaid invoice claim, the structure is straightforward: identify the parties, the contract, what was done, what was owed, and what has not been paid. Add an interest claim under either section 69 of the County Courts Act 1984 (consumer or general) or the Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998 (business-to-business). Sign the statement of truth.

The template below covers the standard scenario: a sole trader or business has done work, sent an invoice, and not been paid. It can be adapted for goods supplied, services rendered, or any fixed-sum debt.

Replace bracketed text with your actual details. Annex the contract (or screenshots of the email exchange), the invoice, the LBA, and any relevant correspondence.

The statement of truth

CPR 22 requires every statement of case to be verified by a statement of truth. Signing without honest belief in the truth of the contents is contempt of court — punishable by fine or imprisonment.

For an individual claimant, you sign personally. For a company, the statement should be signed by a director or company secretary, with their position stated. For a partnership, by a partner. For a litigant in person, your own signature is fine.

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Particulars: faulty goods

Witness statement template